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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that is as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the documents that you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, navigate here and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.